The Cognitive Approach

 

The Cognitive Approach (awareness of the rules)

Cognitive theory assumes that responses are also the result of insight and intentional patterning.

Insight can be directed to (a) the concepts behind language i.e. to traditional grammar.
It can also be directed to (b) language as an operation - sets of communicative functions.

A variety of activities practised in new situations will allow assimilation of what has already been learnt or partly learnt. It will also create further situations for which existing language resources are inadequate and must accordingly be modified or extended - "accommodation". This ensures an awareness and a continuing supply of learning goals as well as aiding the motivation of the learner.

Cognitive theory therefore acknowledges the role of mistakes. See Dakin's Novish lesson in which he sets deliberate traps in "The Language Laboratory and Language Learning" by Julian Dakin published by Longman 1973. Dakin: "We must design our lessons and language laboratory tapes so as to invite the learner to make the minimum number of mistakes consonant with, and conducive to, learning new rules. Equally important to the principles underlying the use of "meaningful drills" and also relevant to the role of mistakes in cognotive theory is the association of mentalism with notionalism.

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Abalfazl al-Abbas

 

Abalfazl al-Abbas

 

Hazrat Abalfazl al-Abbas (PBUH) is the hero son of Imam Ali (PBUH) and Imam Hossein's brother.

Courage, loyalty and kindness are some of the virtues attributed to Hazrat Abalfazl (PBUH).

He always fought courageously against the enemies of Islam in different battlefields alongside his father Imam Ali (PBUH).

Hazrat Abbalfazl is especially known for his brave move in the Karbala battlefield on the Day of Ashura where he went to bring water for the women and children waiting for water in Imam Hossein's tent.

Riding on his horse, he bravely passed through the numerous enemy soldiers and could get water. However, on the way back to the tents, he lost both his hands and recieved countless wounds on his body. When the mashk containing water was his by an arrow, disappointedly fell on the ground.

Because of his piety and closeness to Allah, he is called "Bab al-Hava'ej" (the door to our needs).

Every year, Shiia'es commemorate him as a symbol of bravery in the mournings in the Month of Ashura.......

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